Loop pile fabric



Dec. 24, 1963 c. BLOCH ETAL 3,115,436

LOOP PILE FABRIC A ITOENL'Y United States Patent Gfiiice Patented Dec.24%, 19%;:

3,115,436 Lflild lPiLlJ FABRIC Elsie C. Bloch and Godfrey Bloch, both of38 E. 75th St, New York, N.Y. Filed Sept. 26, 196i, Ser. No. 140,935 2fliairns. (1. 16165) This invention relates to loop pile fabrics andmore particularly to fabrics of the floor covering type.

In loop pile fabrics in which the pile loops are made over pile wires itis difficult to overcome variations in the pile loops which may take theform of certain rows of loops being slightly higher or slightly lowerthan the remaining rows of loops. In a patternless fabric this may notbe objectionable or even noticeable, but it does in troduce adirectional effect which would make it impossible to join pieces inwhich the pile yarns run in different directions. Also in pile fabricswherein each dent contains a plurality of ends which are similar intwist and any other characteristics even though the twist of the ends insuccessive dents may be reversed it has been found that a diagonaleffect is produced.

it is an object of this invention to eliminate this directional ordiagonal effect in loop pile fabrics.

Another object is to provide a loop pile fabric having a uniformpatternless surface appearance.

Another object is to provide a loop pile fabric having improved coverageand a patternless, pebbly or textured effect.

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent as the nature ofthe invention is more fully disclosed.

In accordance with the present invention at least three pile warp endsare passed through each dent of the reed. in each dent one or more ofthe ends is twisted in one direction and one or more of the ends istwisted in the reverse direction giving a combination of twists with theends being randomly disposed with respect to each other. The arrangementis such that more than half of the ends in each dent are twisted in thesame direction and the remainder of the ends are twisted in the reversedirection with the twists in successive dents alternating. For example,if three ends are passed through each dent, the ends in one dent may be$8 and Z twists respectively, whereas the ends in the adjacent dentwould have 22 and S twists respectively, the same alternatingarrangement being carried on throughout the weave.

Since the grouping of three ends in each dent results in an increasednumber of pile loops in the weftwise direction this increase in theamount of wool or other pile material may be compensated for bydecreasing the number of picks per inch in the warpwise direction sothat the same overall number of pile loops may be provided in any givenarea as in other weaves wherein a lesser number of ends are passedthrough each dent.

The invention will be better understood from the following description,taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which a specificembodiment has been set forth for purposes of illustration.

In the drawing:

Fit 1 is a plan view of a fabric embodying the invention illustratingthe pcbbly, patternless effect; and

PEG. 2 is a fillerwise section taken on the line 22 of FIG. 1 but on alarger scale illustrating the nature of the weave.

Referring to the drawing more in detail the invention is shown asembodied in a pile fabric of the floor covering type having a backingcomposed of filler yarns 10 woven with chain warp yarns l1. Pile loops12 are formed from pile yarns '13 which are woven under selected filleryarns it). The pile loops may be bound into the backing by a latexcoating not shown. It is to be understood that the construction thus fardescribed is well known and only so much thereof has been shown as isnecessary for an understanding of this invention.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the pile loops are arranged ingroups of three loops each. The pile yarns .13 forming the loops 12 ofeach group are passed through the same dent of the reed in weaving, andthe groups of loops are separated by pairs of chain warps 11 so that theloops 12 of each group are held closely together.

The novel effect of this invention is obtained by making one of the yarnends 13 with a reverse twist. Thus two yarns in each group have a twistin one direction and the third yarn has a twist in the oppositedirection. Since the three ends are fed through the same reed dent theirrelative arrangement varies in a random manner.

As a further feature the relative twist is reversed in successive dentsso as to enhance the random effect.

Referring more specifically to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 andreading from left to right the pile yarns 13 in the first group aredisposed with 228 twists respectively, as indicated in the drawing. Thepile yarns in the second group have 58 and Z twists and the third andfourth groups have been shown as having 282 and S28 twists respectively,and so on across the fabric. It is evident that the relative arrangementof the yarns in each group varies in a random manner. For example agroup consisting of two yarns having an S twist and one yarn having a Ztwist may be disposed as 882, 233 or $28 depending upon the manner inwhich they pass through a particular dent. The distinguishing feature isthat, if two yarns in one group have an s twist, then two yarns in thenext group will have a Z twist.

This random effect can also be obtained by using more than three yarnsin each group provided that in each group more than half of the yarnshave the same twist and at least one yarn has the opposite twist andthat the twists are reversed in successive dents across the fabric.

In fabrics of the above type it has been found that a uniform pebblysurface appearance is obtained without any directional effect asillustrated in FIG. 1.

What is claimed is:

l. A loop pile fabric having a uniform surface appearance devoid ofdirectional effect, which comprises a backing woven with filler yarnsand Warp yarns and pile yarns bound under selected filler yarns formingupstanding loops, said pile yarns being arranged in groups of at leastthree yarns in each group, successive groups being separated by pairs ofwarp yarns and being closely held thereby, more than half of the yarnsin each group being twisted in one direction and the remaining yarns ineach group being twisted in the reverse direction, the yarns in eachgroup being randomly arranged with respect to each other and the yarnsin successive groups in a fillerwise direction having opposite relativetwists so that more than half of the yarns in one group have an S twistand more than half of the yarns in the next group have a Z twist withthe remaining yarns consisting of at least one yarn having a twist inthe opposite direction.

2. A fabric as set forth in claim 1 in which each group consists ofthree yarns.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

1. A LOOP PILE FABRIC HAVING A UNIFORM SURFACE APPEARANCE DEVOID OFDIRECTIONAL EFFECT, WHICH COMPRISES A BACKING WOVEN WITH FILLER YARNSAND WARP YARNS AND PILE YARNS BOUND UNDER SELECTED FILLER YARNS FORMINGUPSTANDING LOOPS, SAID PILE YARNS BEING ARRANGED IN GROUPS OF AT LEASTTHREE YARNS IN EACH GROUP, SUCCESSIVE GROUPS BEING SEPARATED BY PAIRS OFWARP YARNS AND BEING CLOSELY HELD THEREBY, MORE THAN HALF OF THE YARS INEACH GROUP BEING TWISTED IN ONE DIRECTION AND THE REMAINING YARNS INEACH GROUP BEING TWISTED IN THE REVERSE DIRECTION, THE YARNS IN